For many years now, some of the rare languages across the globe have commenced dying away, resulting from rapid globalization. A rare language is a language vocalized by not more than half of the populace in the world. Notably, such native languages might be thought of and extensively spoken in certain areas. The current article focus on extinction of rare languages and sustainable preserving strategies
Language Extinction
Over four hundred languages have gone defunct in the previous century. Unfortunately, more rare languages are in jeopardy of becoming extinct if there are no fundamental actions put in place to save such minor dialects. If a language turns out to be extinct, based on the previously deceased language, the future generations will have nothing in their culture.Cases of Rare Languages Prone to Extinction
In the Pacific region, it is estimated that two hundred and ten languages are prone to extinction within Papua New Guinea. The language examples comprise the following:- Abom: It has fifteen It was spoken in the local villages of the Western province. Currently, no children are acknowledged to speak the Abom language.
- Gweda: The language possesses twenty-six speakers. It is spoken solitary in the local village of Garuwahi within Milne Bay Province.
- Dumpu: The ethnic populace of the language range is five hundred and ten. Also called Watiwa, it is articulated in six communities in Madang Province. A few teenagers utilize the Watiwa language to converse with their grandparents.
- Pacahuara:In Bolivia, the language has seventeen speakers. The main occupation of the indigenous speakers is the collection of rubber within the steamy rainforest of the Northwest of Beni Province.
- Tataina: It is withinthe U.S.A, the language has seventy-five speakers. It is uttered in a minor zone of southern Alaska. However, the mainstream of lively speakers is older.
- Arikapu: In Brazil, the language possesses six speakers. It has a few vigorous speakers residing in the Rio Branco headwaters. However, utmost of the utterers have moved to Portuguese.
- Ainu: The Ainu language is based in Japan with fifteen speakers. The language is uttered within the Islands of Kuril and Sahalin within Russia. At least nineteen dialects of the language have been recorded.
- Tirahi: In Afghanistan, the language has one thousand speakers. The Tirahi language is spoken alone by the old in the Southeastern jurisdiction of Jalalabad.
- El Mono: It is a Kenyan language with eight speakers. The language is spoken in the Southeastern shoreline of Lake Turkana.
- Birale: Is a language spoken inEthiopia with nineteen speakers. The language is uttered by the elderly hunters in a local village on the west shore of the Weyt’o River.
- Vod: the language is based in Russia with twenty-five speakers. However, the language has never been put in the documentation.
- Karaim: The folkloric population of the language zone is five thousand. The Karaim language is extinct in Ukraine and Israel.
- Saami Pite: The language is used inNorway and Sweden with twenty speakers. The language is uttered in Lapland alongside the Pite River. But, there are no utterers left in the state of Norway.
Reasons for Rare Languages Disappearing
Therefore, the subsequent reasons explain why some languages have disappeared throughout human antiquity:- Deliberate Suppression and Political Persecution: In the modern epoch, governments across the world have imposed language on aboriginal persons.
- Bilingualism and Language Shift: The most archetypal cause of language disappearing is when a populace that previously spoke only one dialect starts to speak another, and abandoning their inborn language.
- Urbanization and Climate Change: Most languages go defunct today since they become impracticable for diverse reasons. Different societies migrate and assimilate to new groups at a fast upsurging rate.
- Natural Disasters:A language can disappear due to natural disasters, such as earthquakes, floods, tsunamis, starvations, and infectious diseases leading to rare languages disappearing.
- Migration Factors:When the native speakers migrate to another place where the state promotes the usage of a specific language, the inborn dialect will be left by immigrants.
- Lack of Alphabet:A rare language is deliberated as such due to the absence of an alphabet that could aid it to survive.
- Globalization and Modernity: Many people across the global world now encounter unprecedented pressure to embrace the common languages utilized in commerce, government, technology, diplomacy, and entertainment.
Outcomes of Rare Languages Disappearing
Beyond the antique value of preserving assortment in language, there are extra outcomes of the disappearing of language that confronts humanity:- Loss of Knowledge: The disappearing of a whole language is a loss of an enormous body of knowledge, which if not passed on to the forthcoming generation, dies when the people stop to exist.
- Loss of Culture: The communal loss of a language will subsequently lead to traditions and cultural loss.
- Loss of Belonging and Identity: Dialect lossmakes persons lose their sense of belonging and identity. Language loss source an entire loss of the eventual community.
- Assimilation: The leading language might have absorbed the persons, nonetheless they have lost their culture all alongside.
Language Preserving Sustainable Plans
The subsequent examples are big steps being undertaken to preserve endangered and rare languages across the world:- Irish Language: The Government of Irish in recent times launched five years an action plan for the Irish Language. The plan establishes to attain one hundred and eighty-seven goals in language preservation.
- Wikitongues: It pursues to generate the first civic archive of each dialect in the world. Wikitongues is shooting native speakers speaking in the past, future, and present tenses of their mother tongues.
- Austronesian Language of Biak: Linguistics lecturers at Oxford University cooperated with two colleges within Indonesianto establish an online databank of digital visual and audio texts to preserve languages.
- DTS Language Services Center: The firm is working to preserve endangered languages across the globe. It offers translation services in many languages. The company tends to preserve rare and endangered languages in its databases.
The Role of Translation in Language Preservation
Translation has been utilized to transfer spoken or written SL texts to correspond to spoken or written TL texts. There are three categories of translations:- Intralingual Translation: It is also known as rewording. It is an elucidation of verbal signs by ways of other ciphers of a similar language.
- Interlingual Translation: This is known as proper translation. It is an interpretation of verbal symbols by ways of some other dialects.
- Intersemiotic Translation: This is called transmutation. It is a clarification of verbal ciphers by modes of signs of non-spoken sign schemes.
Benefits of Preserving Languages
Preserving languages is significant in the succeeding ways:- To avert the disappearance of culture in society.
- To preserve the history of the utterers.
- Topreserve a language by educating the young generations
- To learn a common language for easy association.